Purpose of assessment: The coronavirus illness 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caught the world unprepared, with no prevention or remedy methods in place. In addition to the efforts to develop an efficient vaccine, various approaches are important to manage this pandemic, which can almost definitely require a number of available options. Among them, monoclonal anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibodies have been remoted by a number of laboratories in document time facilitated by strategies that had been first pioneered for HIV-1 antibody discovery. Here, we summarize how classes discovered from anti-HIV-1 antibody discovery have offered elementary information for the speedy development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
Recent findings: Research laboratories that efficiently recognized potent broadly neutralizing antibodies towards HIV-1 have harnessed their antibody discovery strategies to isolate novel potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, which have efficacy in animal fashions. These antibodies symbolize promising medical candidates for remedy or prevention of COVID-19.Summary: Passive switch of antibodies is a promising method when the elicitation of protecting immune responses is troublesome, as within the case of HIV-1 an infection. Antibodies can even play a major function in post-exposure prophylaxis, in high-risk populations that will not mount sturdy immune responses after vaccination, and in remedy. We present a assessment of the latest approaches used for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody discovery and upcoming challenges within the discipline.
“[It] is now my duty to satisfy that want:” Clinical and speedy post-mortem employees members’ experiences and perceptions of HIV reservoir research on the finish of life
Introduction: Little is understood in regards to the results of HIV reservoir research on the finish of life on employees members concerned. Staff members’ perceptions and experiences had been assessed associated to their involvement within the Last Gift, a speedy post-mortem examine on the University of California San Diego enrolling individuals dwelling with HIV who’re terminally sick and have a want to contribute to HIV cure-related research.Methods: Two focus group discussions consisting of medical (n = 7) and speedy research post-mortem (n = 8) employees members had been carried out to grasp the views of employees members and the influence the Last Gift speedy post-mortem examine had on them. The complete pattern consisted of 66.7% females and 33.3% males and was ethnically numerous (66.7% Caucasian, 6.7% African American, 20.0% Asian descent, 6.7% Hispanic descent and American Indian) with a variety of expertise within the HIV discipline from 1 12 months to 30 years.
Results: Qualitative focus group information revealed 5 main themes underlying examine employees members’ multilayered psychological and sensible involvement: 1) constructive perceptions of the Last Gift examine, with sub-themes together with Last Gift examine members’ altruism, achievement, and management on the finish of life, 2) perceptions of employees members’ shut involvement within the Last Gift examine, with sub-themes associated to employees members’ cognitive processing, self-actualization and achievement, stress administration and resilience, coping mechanisms, and gratitude towards Last Gift members and towards the examine itself, 3) issues for profitable and sustainable examine implementation, akin to moral consciousness and sustained neighborhood and affected person engagement, 4) collaborative studying and organizational processes and the worth of interdependence between employees members, and 5) issues for potential examine scale-up at different medical research websites.Discussion: Understanding employees members’ nuanced emotional and procedural experiences is essential to the Last Gift examine’s sustainability and can inform comparable remedy research research carried out with individuals dwelling with HIV on the finish of life. The examine’s potential reproducibility will depend on a sturdy research infrastructure with established, interdependent medical and speedy post-mortem groups, steady neighborhood engagement, and an moral and well-informed engagement course of with individuals dwelling with HIV.
COVID-19 antibody development fueled by HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody research
Adaptation of the AID system for stem cell and transgenic mouse research
The auxin-inducible degron (AID) system is changing into a broadly used technique for speedy and reversible degradation of goal proteins. This system has been efficiently used to review gene and protein features in eukaryotic cells and customary mannequin organisms, akin to nematode and fruit fly. To date, functions of the AID system in mammalian stem cell research are restricted. Furthermore, customary mouse fashions harboring the AID system haven’t been established. Here we’ve explored the utility of the H11 safe-harbor locus for integration of the TIR1 transgene, a vital part of auxin-based protein degradation system. We have proven that the H11 locus can assist constitutive and conditional TIR1 expression in mouse and human embryonic stem cells, in addition to in mice.
We reveal that the AID system will be efficiently employed for speedy degradation of steady proteins in embryonic stem cells, which is essential for investigation of protein features in shortly altering environments, akin to stem cell proliferation and differentiation. As embryonic stem cells possess limitless proliferative capability, differentiation potential, and might mimic organ development, we consider that these research instruments will probably be an relevant useful resource to a broad scientific viewers.
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